TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Commercially Available Reservoir Options for Intrathecal Drug Delivery
A1  - Hunter, Corey W.
A1  - Caraway, David
A2  - Diwan, Sudhir
A2  - Staats, Peter S.
PY  - 2015
T2  - Atlas of Pain Medicine Procedures
AB  - The  presence  of  abundant  opioid  mu  receptors  in  the  dorsal  horns  of  the  spinal  cord  was  discovered  in  the  1970s.  Subarachnoid  injection  of  morphine  was  soon  utilized  to  control  cancer  pain.  Since  intrathecal  delivery  of  opioids  provides  direct  access  to  the  mu  receptors,  a  much  lower  dose  can  achieve  analgesia  than  by  other  routes  of  delivery.  Thus,  significant  activation  of  systemic  mu  receptors,  such  as  occur  in  the  gut,  is  avoided  thereby  reducing  unwanted  side  effects  of  opioid  therapy  such  as  constipation.  The  first  clinical  use  of  an  implanted  intrathecal  drug  delivery  system  (IDDS)  was  described  in  1981.  Introduction  of  effective  bacteriostatic  filters  allowed  safe  long-term  infusion.  By  1991,  commercially  available  fully  programmable  implanted  IDDS  became  available  (Medtronic,  Inc,  Minneapolis,  MN).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1107199845
ER  -