TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
A1  - Syed, Omar
A1  - Asay, Daniel
A2  - Freeman, Brian S.
A2  - Berger, Jeffrey S.
PY  - 2016
T2  - Anesthesiology Core Review: Part Two Advanced Exam
AB  - Intravenous  regional  anesthesia  (IVRA)  provides  anesthesia  to  either  the  upper  or  lower  extremity  by  means  of  local  anesthetic  introduction  into  a  peripheral  vein.  Alternatively  named  the  Bier  block,  this  anesthetic  is  contraindicated  for  procedures  requiring  muscle  paralysis,  blockade  of  individual  nerves,  or  prolonged  surgical  duration.  Developed  in  1908  by  Dr  August  Bier,  the  Bier  block  remains  popular  due  to  its  ease  of  use,  reliability,  and  low  incidence  of  complications.  It  is  useful  in  short,  modestly  invasive  procedures  such  as  carpel  tunnel  release  and  ganglionectomy.  The  duration  of  the  block  is  predicated  on  the  duration  of  tourniquet  inflation,  limiting  toxicity  risk  from  longer  acting  agents;  however,  tourniquet  discomfort  precludes  Bier  blocks  for  longer  procedures.  When  employed  carefully,  the  Bier  block  is  a  safe  and  reliable  method  of  producing  anesthesia.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1135738675
ER  -